The Knowledge of The Signs Of The Day Of Judgement 

                                   [ʿilmuʾĀlāmāt As-Sāʾah]

Ḥadīth Jibrīl [Gabrial] عليه السلام ʿalayhi salām: Peace be upon him]:

Narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): “One day while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), there came before us a man dressed in extremely white clothes and with very black hair. There were no signs of travel on him, and none of us knew him. He sat down facing the Prophet (peace be upon him) with his knees touching his knees and placed his hands on his thighs. He said, ‘O Muhammad, tell me about Islam.’ The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, ‘Islam is to testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish prayer, to pay zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to make the pilgrimage to the House if you are able to do so.’ He said, ‘You have spoken the truth.’ We were amazed at him asking him and then saying that he had spoken the truth. He said, ‘Then tell me about Iman (faith).’ He said, ‘It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day, and to believe in divine destiny, both the good and the evil thereof.’ He said, ‘You have spoken the truth.’ He said, ‘Then tell me about Ihsan (excellence).’ He said, ‘It is to worship Allah as though you are seeing Him, and while you see Him not yet truly He sees you.’ He said, ‘Then tell me about the Hour.’ He said, ‘The one questioned about it knows no better than the questioner.’ He said, ‘Then tell me about its signs.’ He said, ‘That the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and that you will see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing lofty buildings.’ Then he left, and I stayed for a time. Then he said, ‘O Umar, do you know who the questioner was?’ I said, ‘Allah and His Messenger know best.’ He said, ‘It was Jibril (Gabriel), who came to teach you your religion.'” – Source: Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 1

It is well established that there are four fundamental components of the Islamic Religion [dīn] – Islam, Iman, Ihsan and Signs of the Hour, as evidenced by the Hadith [narration] of Jibril [Gabriel] عليه السلام – (Peace be upon him) in which the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) informed Umar and his companions رضی الله عنھم [radiallāhu ʿanhum: May Allah be pleased with them], “That was Jibril who came to teach you your religion.”

This article will focus on explaining the fourth pillar of Religion, which pertains to the Signs of The Hour – ʿilmuʾĀlāmāt As-Sāʾah through the work of the late scholar and esteemed knower of Allah ﷻ [jalla jalāluhu: Great is His Majesty] Ḥabīb Abu Bakr Al Adani b.ʿAli Al-Mashhur, translated and summarised by Shaykh Ahmed Saad Al-Azhari.

What does it mean when it is said ‘The Hour’?

The Hour is the moment the world ends, and resurrection begins – The Day of Judgment. The “Signs of the Hour” are the events that signal its approach. These are events or phenomena—some minor, some middle and some major—that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ foretold would happen before the Day of Judgement – The Hour.

The article will be divided into two sections, the first section will discuss about the Science of the Signs of the Hour – Fiqh of Transitions, and the second section will discuss the Signs of the Hour (Minor, Middle and Major signs).

Ḥabīb Abu Bakr Al Adani b.ʿAli Al-Mashhur conducted a comprehensive and in-depth study of the above Hadith of Jibrīl, famously recognised by scholars as ‘The Fountain of Sunnah’, and serves as the foundation of the faith. Habib Abu Bakr Al Adani b.ʿAli Al-Mashhur explains that in order to understand the foundation of the religion, one must study the following:

1.      The Well-Established Practices [That does not change – Thawabit]: This includes knowledge of the sciences of Jurisprudence (Islam), Doctrine (Iman), and Spirituality (Ihsan).

2.      The Changes/Transitions [Tahawwulat]: This pertains to the science of the various Signs of the Hour, focusing on social and cosmic transitions, known as Fiqh at-Tahawwulat – the Fiqh of Transitions or the Fiqh of Changes.  It covers the knowledge of the Signs of the Hour.

Section 1 – The Science of The Fiqh of Transitions (Fiqh at-Tahawwulat):

Fiqh of Transitions – As Summarised by Shaykh Ahmad Saad al-Azhari

‘Fiqh of Transitions’ also known as ‘Fiqh at-Tahawulat’ refers to a group of Quranic and prophetic text that discusses the portents and the Signs of the Day of Judgement. Fiqh of transitions is the Islamic understanding of the changes that have happened and still happen in the cosmos and in the life of humanity and the development in theoretical and applied sciences and culture as well as the incidents and tribulations that have occurred and will occur in the different stages of human history in general, and the history of the Muslim community in particular, until the Day of Judgement. Such understanding is derived from a prospective reading of incidents and events or from a retrospective reading of the history of nations and communities as depicted in the two essential sources: The Qur’an and the Sunnah.

The main functions of Fiqh of Transitions

One of the main function of the ‘Fiqh of Transitions’ is studying the Qur’anic and Prophetic texts that discuss changes and transitions in three areas:

1. Understanding the nature of the prophetic era during which the prophet (peace be upon him) lived and in which the Qur’an was revealed in portions responding to events and incidents, and understanding the gradualism of legislation during that period and what various occasions of revelation actually necessitated. (Istidlaliyyah)
2. Understanding perspective texts: These are the Qur’anic verses and Prophetic hadiths that foretell future events and prophecy various portents, signs, calamities, and misleading tribulations that continuously occur until the Day of Judgement. (Istibaqiyyah)
3. Understanding the retrospective texts: These are the Qur’anic verses and hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him) that tackle the stories of previous nations and Divinely revealed punishments and tribulations that occurred before the advent of the Prophet (peace be upon him) all the way back to the time of Adam (peace be upon him). (Istiqra’iyyah)

The fourth pillar of Religion (Signs of the Hour) is changeable and is divided into two sections:

1. Understanding the cosmic changes: These are the signs and conditions that occur by Allah’s order before the Hour.

2. Presenting and explaining the events of the Signs of the Hour: This involves examining the events of the Signs of the Hour and the connection of it whether it is good or bad and the corruption of these events. It also includes conveying and explaining the events and their connections based on the signs given by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the proofs from Islamic Sharia. This helps differentiate between the conditions and statuses of the unbelievers, hypocrites, and their positions in these changes, and between the true believers (Mumins) and their position and salvation in Dunya and Akhira.

Due to the significance of the Hadith of Jibril عليه السلام, which encompasses the key aspects of Islam, Iman, Ihsan, and the of the Signs of the Hour, it has become necessary (Lazim) for Muslims to understand the knowledge of all four pillars of the religion. This understanding must reflect their importance and the interconnections between them. These pillars form the foundation that upholds the Amanah (trust) that Allah has entrusted to humankind.

The Fiqh of Transition highlights the dangers in excluding the fourth [changeable] pillar from the first three [stable – Thawabit] pillars: Islam, Iman, and Ihsan. These three pillars have faced hardships throughout due to this exclusion from the fourth pillar.

Historically, the first three pillars of Religion have been subjected to various challenges, such as deception and distortion as their true essence was manipulated for political agendas and misunderstood due to differing interpretations of Islam as Aqida [creed] and Religion among Muslims. This affected the importance of understanding what should exist between a believer and his brother, the belief in unquestionable cosmic truths (Iman), the values of Ihsan, such as Zuhd (asceticism), Adab (etiquette), and dhikr (remembrance of Allah). In our time, these aspects have been distorted, causing deliberate disputes among Muslims.

Understanding and studying the fourth pillar is crucial for protecting the other three pillars—Islam, Iman, and Ihsan from weakness and division. The comprehensive study of the fourth pillar [Signs of the Hour – Fiqh of Transition] helps us differentiate between the status of believers and disbelievers in this world. It emphasises that believers may face hardships in this transient world, while disbelievers might enjoy temporary luxury.

To fully grasp the significance of the fourth pillar of religion, it’s important to highlight key points that explain its importance and the benefits that arise from its study.

1. To mindfully and sincerely study the Hadith of Jibril عليه السلام:

·       This helps us understand the positions of the thawabit (the unchangeable sciences: Islam, Iman and Ihsan) and their significance.

·       By doing so, we can recognise the changes brought about by the fourth pillar [ Signs of the Hour], which can lead to the potential destruction and removal of the first three pillars [Naqaid].

2. Understanding Ahadith Concerning the Changeable Generation:

·       To study the understanding of the ahadith concerning the changing generations and their relationship with the meaning of the Hadith of Jibril عليه السلام, where the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “The slave will give birth to her mistress/master.”

3. Examining the Overpowering Materialistic Culture:

·       To study the overpowering influence of materialistic culture that is infiltrating and spreading across society, particularly in the Arab and Islamic society and its position with the hadith of Jibril عليه السلام when the prophet [peace be upon him] said; “The barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing lofty buildings.”

·       Understanding the signs from this hadith and other ahadiths and how they relate to the dunya (this world), immersing in worldly affairs and what it will lead to – deviation and destruction.

4.      Studying the Fiqh of Change (Fiqh of Transitions):

·       To study the Fiqh of Transitions through its relevant Ayat (verses) that is compulsory for us to know and the ahadith from the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

·       This involves learning about the major, middle, and minor signs of the Hour.

As mentioned in the hadith of Jibril عليه السلام, the science of the Signs of the Hour has two main pillars referred to in two statements: 

1.      “The slave will give birth to her mistress/master.”

2.      “The barefooted, barely covered, destitute shepherds continually compete with one another in constructing lofty buildings.”

1. “The slave girl will give birth to her mistress/master.”

This statement by the prophet (peace be upon him) refers to a failure and change in the institution of knowledge and faith (Iman). We learn that there is a shift in the way knowledge is sought and acquired. Knowledge was transmitted from the parent (father and mother) to the child known as Abawi/Adami; with a chain of transmission through prophets and scholars, adhering to the Qur’an and Sunnah. However, now knowledge comes from external institutions, including non-Islamic Schools known as Anawi/Shaytani, which originated from Iblis and Qabil [the son of Adam]. This knowledge is ego driven and is disconnected from the religious teachings.

There has been various explanation to the above statement by scholars depending on the time and situation they were living in. What does it mean when the prophet (peace be upon him) said; “The slave girl will give birth to her mistress/master”?

According to Ibn Hajar رَحْمَةُ الله عليه [rahmatullāhi ʿalayhi: May the Mercy of Allah be upon him], as the Day of Judgment approaches, there will be an increase in the spread of disobedience and ingratitude of children [‘uquuq] towards their parents, leading to a reversal of roles, where the parents, who are supposed to raise the children, find themselves being dominated and mistreated by their offspring as though they were their slaves. Ibn Hajar رَحْمَةُ الله عليه also notes that this reversal of roles is further demonstrated by the idea that someone who is morally low (a “saafil”) will rise to a position of power and authority, while those who are noble and respectable [like parents] will fall from their positions – such that a son will treat his mother with the same disrespect that a master would show to his slave – with humiliation, abuse and servitude. This metaphorical use of the term ‘master’ in the hadith of the prophet (peace be upon him) highlights the severe degradation of values and social norms. These changes (becoming disrespectful to parents and people of low character rising to power) marks the period of the end of times.

Disobedience (‘uquuq) has spread, and the roles of the one being raised (al- Murabiyan) and the one raising (al-rabb) have reversed. Sons and daughters raised by their mothers and fathers now command and mistreat them in ways that undermine the honourable status Allah has bestowed upon parents. This is one of the Signs of the Hour, as mentioned in the hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

This Ayah and hadith illustrate that after warning against associating partners with Allah (Shirk), disobeying one’s parents is the gravest sin. This emphasises the immense honour and respect parents are given in Islam, to such an extent that if a mother calls to her child while the child is engaged in a mandatory prayer (salah), the child should continue praying. However, if the prayer is voluntary (nafilah) prayer, and the mother continues to call, the child must exit the prayer and attend to their mother’s/parent’s needs.

Therefore, we can see a complete imbalance in social norms due to this reversal of roles between parents and children. Furthermore, there have been notable changes in the methods of teaching, starting from the basics (like learning the alphabet) to higher education (universities). This shift often leads to the destruction of divine knowledge. For example, the call to Allah, etiquettes and manners, the separation between religion and history, the ways of wisdom and good advice/counsel. This modern approach to education, gradually undermines or dismisses traditional Islamic values, leads to a significant imbalance in the understanding of religion.

Instead of parents being the source of knowledge, guidance, and faith—as in the Abawi way—these now come from external sources, following the Anawi way. In this shift, children receive these influences from outside and begin to implement and even impose them on their parents.”

2.     “The barefooted, barely covered, destitute shepherds continually compete with one another in constructing lofty buildings.”

This statement refers to changes and corruption occurring in the areas of governance and economy.

How does failure in governance and economy affect Islam?

Rulings have strayed from the boundaries of Islamic Sharia into various forms of secular politics under names such as government, democracy, parties, and organisations. This shift brings political ideologies from the western world into the eastern world, often conflicting with Islamic principles. Similarly, the economic and financial systems go against Sharia, such as banks, interest, money laundering, and certain new economic laws that are doubtful and interfere with the market. These laws and practices often promote a negative understanding in the market and depend on competition in constructing tall buildings, the spread of luxury, entertainment, and resorts – with characteristics that are unlawful or doubtful (mashbuh). These doubtful/suspicious dealings and values are promoted in the name of business and contradict Islamic principles in their interactions (mu’amalat) and values.

Under the research of these two pillars of the Signs of the Hour emerges what is known as the Fiqh of Transitions (Fiqh at-Tahawullat), in the following 5 parts.

Section 2 – The Signs of The Hour (Minor, Middle and Major signs):

The Historic Periods From An Islamic Perspective – As Summarised by Shaykh Ahmad Saad al-Azhari

In order to understand the various Signs and portents of the Day of Judgement, we have to know the division of the successive periods in history from an Islamic perspective and their relation to various Signs and portents:

·       The Major Signs have no relation to early stages of history. They start to appear with the advent of Imam al-Mahdi until the end of the world. The knowledge of the major signs is compulsory (Wajib) to know. There are 10 major signs.

·       The Middle Signs start with the revelation to the prophet and end with the second sufyanic period. It is necessary (Lazim) to learn the knowledge of the middle signs. They carry the characteristics that place them between the earlier minor signs and the major signs to come.

·       The Minor Signs start before the prophet ﷺ and continue until the blow of the trumpet, which marks the end of the world. This is the general (Mutlaq) knowledge of the minor signs that the prophet (peace be upon him) mentioned.

all these signs continue to appear simultaneously in their respective times and places and are known only through landmarks and indications in the process of history.

Based on this reading, we can list the various stages of history based on the words of the prophet ﷺ as follows:

·       The prophetic period of revelation, infallibility and miracles and it contained middle and minor signs.

·       The period of the rightly guided caliphs which is declared to be immune by sacred texts and the fact that it witnessed the agreement of the companions and their standpoints. It contained middle and minor signs.

·       The first period of despotic kingship (The Umayyad Dynasty); it was immune only with respect to the fact that jihad was carried out during it and the faith was preserved. It contained middle and minor signs.

·       The second period of despotic kingship (The Abbasid Dynasty) which contained middle and minor signs.

·       The period of division and statelets. Its immunity was disturbed due to the failure in governance and decision making which was a result of the crusades and the Mongol invasion of the Muslim world. It contained middle and minor signs.

·       The re-establishment of general authority through the Ottoman Empire. Its immunity was derived from the capture of Constantinople and the re-establishment of Islamic general authority, the protection and unity of the Muslim community, gaining the recognition of the Abbasid Caliph. It contained middle and minor signs.

·       The period of worthlessness, which consists of:

§  The stage of internal planning for control (ahlās and istizhār) which contains middle and minor signs.

§  The stage of invader-leadership cooperation for control (al-sarrāʾ) which involves European colonialism and secularisation. It contains middle and minor signs.

§  The stage of laymen assuming mastership, the spread of communism and halving the world between communism and capitalism. It contains middle and minor signs.

§  The stage of the fourth tribulation, the centralised investment and globalisation. It also contains middle and minor signs.

·       The stage of the disaster that eradicates (al-saylamah), the repulsion, and the first and the second sufyanic. It contains middle and minor signs.

·       The period of stability and the appearance of the Mahdi. It contains major and minor signs.

·       The period of the siege, the Dajjalic Period which contains major and minor signs.

·       The period of victory (the coming of Jesus) which contains major and minor signs.

·       The period of decline (the Magogic) which contains major and minor signs.

·       The period of collapse and the complete disappearance of monotheism. It contains major and minor signs.

·       The period of complete destruction and the start of the day of judgment and it is a major sign.

THE MINOR SIGNS

1.      Glad tidings given by the previous prophets about the advent of the final Prophet (peace be upon him).

2.      Warnings given by previous Prophets about Dajjal.

3. The Signs of the arrival of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
4. The battle of Badr, Uhud and Al Ahzab.
5. The appearance of hypocrisy.
6. The appearance of lying and falsification.
7. Wars and disputes in religious matters.
8.  Animosity and heart hatred.
9. Neglecting the Sunnans.
10. Rarity of rain and vegetation.
11. Tribulations of the east.
12. Disappearance of knowledge, deaths of scholars and the spread of ignorance.
13. Spread of adultery and usury.
14. The appearance of ‘naked, yet dressed’ women.
15. Trading religion for worldly gains.
16. The widespread appearance of singing and music.
17. Drinking wine and giving it various names.
18. The multiplicity of the Qur’an reciters as opposed to the rarity of jurists.
19. The plethora of malls and markets; their closeness and insufficient profits.
20. Selling leadership.
21. Decoration of mosques and carelessness about the purity of hearts.
22. Paying great respect to money owners.
23. Spread of magic and magicians.
24. Death of righteous people and multiplicity of lowly people.
25. Seeking knowledge from unqualified individuals.
26. The truthfulness of the vision of a believer.
27. Spread of writing.
28. Disputation and competition between people who pray.
29. Giving positions to those who are not qualified for them.
30. Perversion of youth and the perversion and manipulation of women.
31. Following other nations in their habits and culture.
32. Spread of killing and lying.
33. The appearance of reciters of the Qur’an who do not take it beyond their throat (i.e. they recite it but never put it into action).
34. Spread of severing family relationships and disrespect of parents.
35. The reemergence of polytheism and idol worship after the coming of Jesus.
36. The destruction of the Ka’bah.
37. The removal of the Qur’an.
38. The wind that will take the souls of the believers.

There are many Minor Signs in this list that have occurred and some that we are still waiting for. Some of the Minor signs that have not appeared yet will coincide with the Middle Signs for example: The drying up of the Euphrates river that will expose a mountain of gold. When the people hear about this treasure; they will run from everywhere to get it and fight over it. In every 100,99 people will die and each one will hope that he is the one who will survive and possess it. The proof of this is mentioned in the hadith below:

THE MIDDLE SIGNS

The middle Signs appear between the time of revelation of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to the appearance of Imam Al-Mahdi.

Amongst the Middle Signs are:

1. The coming down of revelation.
2. The death of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
3. The murder of Umar (May Allah be pleased with him)
4. The murder of Uthman (May Allah be pleased with him)
5. The battles of the Camel and Siffin and the appearance of Khawarijs.
6. The murder of Imam Ali (May Allah be pleased with him)
7. Imam Al-Hassan’s abdication of the caliphate.
8. The start of the first despotic Kingship stage (the Umayyad dynasty).
9. The murder of Imam Al-Husayn (May Allah be pleased with him)
10. The unrest of Abdullah b. Al-Zubayr and sacrilege of the Holy Mosque.
11. The battle of Al-Harrah and sacrilege of Madinah.
12. The stages of justice; the reign of Umar b. Abdul -Aziz.
13. The start of the second despotic stage (the Abbasid dynasty).
14. The fall of the Abbasid dynasty at the hands of the Mongol invasion.
15. The stage of statelets and division.
16. The re-institution of the Caliphate with the Ottoman state and the conquest of Constantinople.
17. The start of the stage of worthlessness, which can be divided into:

a.      Stage of ahlas or istizhar: This is the stage that witnessed infiltration and manipulation and it covers the period of plotting to take over the heritage of the Ottoman Empire to the collapse of the caliphate.

b.      Stage of al sarra (colonialism and secularisation): This stage witnessed the treaties and agreements between colonists and leaders from the Arab world and continuation of the world wars to further divide the World War 1 & World War 2.

c.      Stage of Masses-Leadership: this stage witnesses the spread of communism, revolutions and the Cold War between capitalism and communism.

d.      The fourth tribulation which witnesses massive destruction and leads the Muslim community into the abyss of disbelief (centralised investment and globalisation) and the world order. This is the killing of Arabs and non-Arabs. This is a current war happening in the world.

e.      The disaster that eradicates (al saylamah) which is a stage that witnesses repulsion and creative chaos (people breathing under the supervision of disbelief).

18.  The first and second Sufyanic stages in which there is mass killing and chaos (people looking for salvation). In this stage, there will be a return to tribalism, division, injustice and there is no specific time span for it.

THE MAJOR SIGNS

These are the Signs that are specifically mentioned by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in a group of hadith; they are:

1. The Mahdi: who represents the appearance of Islamic unity and social justice after an extensive stage of injustice.
2. The Dajjal: who represents the spreading of corruption in the world and his appearance will be a great factor in the rise of global disbelief.
3. Jesus, son of Mary: who will descend in the Levant, break the cross, kill the swine, establish justice and kill the Dajjal and his supporters except those who believe and will restore justice and establish Islamic Shariah.
4. Gog and Magog: who will appear in the east and massively travel in the earth until they die in the land of Levant towards the end of the stage of Jesus.
5. The appearance of the Smoke.
6. The three khusuf.
7. The Gathering Fire.
8. The Beast.
9. The rising of the Sun from the west.
10. The blow of the Trumpet.

IMAM AL-MAHDI

Who is Imam Mahdi and What did the Prophet (peace be upon him) say about him?

Imam Mahdi is from the noble family of Ahlul Bayt (the family of the prophet, peace be upon him), specifically from the lineage of Fatimah (RA), and he is part of the Khulafa’ al-Rashidun (the rightly guided caliphs). He will be the prince of justice, the rectifier of wrongs, and one of the Siddiqeen (the truthful). His rule will be marked by a commitment to the Sunnah, and he will not initiate conflict or cause unnecessary bloodshed. He will not disturb the peace of the people unnecessarily, nor will he wake anyone from their sleep without a just cause.

Imam Mahdi will have the following physical appearance:

Ahlu Sunnah wal Jama‘ah believe that the appearance of Imam Mahdi is the doorway to the Major signs of the Day of Judgment because during his khilafa, Prophet Isa (peace be upon him] and the Dajjal will come who are both from the Major Signs.

Before the arrival of imam Mahdi, a time of great turmoil will occur, with people fighting over the treasure of Makkah.

He will be given the bay‘ah (allegiance) in Makkah, specifically between the Rukn al-Yamani (the Yemeni corner of the Ka’bah) and Maqam Ibrahim by a group of scholars, who will recognise and identify him. However, initially, he will not be aware of his status as the Mahdi and will hesitate to accept giving the bay‘ah (allegiance). After enduring numerous trials and struggles, he will finally accept it, marking the first bay‘ah. The proof is mentioned in the Hadith below.

In that moment, Allah will transform him from an ordinary man into the ruler of the world overnight. He will be endowed with divine knowledge, wisdom, generosity, courage, and bravery, all in an instant. His appearance will coincide with a time when the world is overwhelmed with injustice, oppression, and bloodshed, unlike anything ever seen before. He will come to restore justice, light, and peace to the earth, just as it was previously filled with darkness and tyranny.

Under his rule, the earth will bring forth its crops, and the sky will shower abundant rain. Wealth will flow in abundance, and his leadership will bring prosperity and harmony to the people. Imam Mahdi will rule for about seven years (in other narrations 5,7 or 9 years) living his life in strict accordance with the Sunnah, reviving the religion and guiding humanity toward righteousness in the final days.

Imam Mahdi will fight in accordance with the Sunnah, reviving practices and abolishing innovations (bid‘ah). He will bring to life every Sunnah that has been forgotten, restoring the true teachings of Islam, just as the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) did in the beginning of Islam. His time will be one of prosperity and blessings like no other. He will have great wealth, which he will distribute equitably among the people, ensuring no one is deprived.

The creatures of the earth and sky will live in harmony with him—whether birds in the sky, animals on the earth, or fish in the sea. They will all be content and at peace during his reign. The hearts of the Ummah (the Muslim community) will be filled with contentment, and they will experience blessings, both in good times and in hardship. His time will be a period of unimaginable blessings, and the sky will send its rains without holding back.

Imam Mahdi will truly be the leader who restores justice, peace, and prosperity, uniting the people of the earth under the banner of Islam in a way that the world has never witnessed before.

The ambiguity surrounding Imam Al-Mahdi holds profound wisdom. If his identity were made explicit, there are those who might attempt to harm him or obstruct his mission. Despite not knowing who he is, oppressors still persecute the Ahlul-Bayt,

It was mentioned by scholars, that some groups of the madhabs spoke about his birth and mission. Some have stated that he has already been born but remains in concealment, awaiting the appointed time to emerge and fulfil his divine role. When the time comes, it will unfold exactly as Allah wills it.

Some of the Signs of the Appearance of Imam Mahdi:

1. Disruption of Transportation and Trade: When the trade and the road is cut and increase in fitna, ibn masood
2. Increase in killing: Another narration states: “The Mahdi will not come until, out of nine people, seven will be killed.” (Kitab al-Fitan by Naeem ibn Hammad).

3. Weakness and Depression Amongst Muslims: During this time, Muslims will feel weakened and depressed by the continuous tribulations and events taking place.
4. A Loud Sound in Ramadan: It is reported that a cosmic event will occur, producing a loud sound in Ramadan, before the Mahdi’s appearance. This sound, originating from the heavens, will serve as a sign.

5. The Coming of the Black Flags from Khorasan (Northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, and northern Afghanistan): Muslims will support the cause of Imam Mahdi.

Additionally, Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “If I were in a locked box, I would break that box and follow them.” (Kinzil al-‘umal). This demonstrates the significance of joining the cause of Imam Al-Mahdi.

A Muslim must exercise thorough investigation, ensuring clarity when discerning who the rightful leader is. There will be discord among Muslims, fuelled by confusion over the signs of the Mahdi. It is crucial not to act impulsively based on similarities in signs, as these can often be misleading. Allah’s commands stand apart— it is divine, untainted by the influence of worldly politics.

The Qualities of Imam al-Mahdi:

1. He will uphold the Sunnah and eliminate Bid’ah (innovation in religion).

2. He will rule the entire world, as Dhul-Qarnayn and prophet Suleyman (peace be upon them) once did.

The First Stage of the Mahdi:

1. He will spread Islam among non-believing nations and challenge the concept of the Trinity. However, the complete eradication of this belief will be achieved by prophet Isa (peace be upon him).
2. He will possess great wealth and provide for the economic needs of nations, distributing wealth with fairness and justice.
3. He will abolish interest and reject economic systems like communism, capitalism, and any other man-made theories.
4. He will unify the nations’ perspectives to return to governance through the caliphate, ending the innovation of political parties and resolving conflicts based on class, beliefs, sects, and politics.
5. He will bring the Muslims back to the original essence of Islam, free from shirk, bid’ah, and deviations. He will also address the politicisation of madhabs, combat extremism in belief, and remain strict with leaders while being generous to the poor. Some scholars may even question if he is the Mahdi, as noted by Imam al-Barzanji in his writings.
6. He will redefine the concepts of freedom and human rights, aligning them with the true principles of Islam with an emphasis on its softness, compassion, and forgiving nature. He will eliminate the influences of deviated cultures on education, media, and society etc.
7. There will be barakah in food, crops, and livestock, fostering self-sufficiency. He will restore the relationships between people, fostering mercy and understanding, particularly during the early stages of his life to establish political and economic systems.
8. He will engage in battles against the army of the second Sufyani, eventually capturing him, leading to his killing in Sham.
9. He will form a truce with the Romans (the West), gaining the obedience of world leaders for several years. During this period, Muslims will become strong, Shariah will be implemented across the Muslim world, and the Ummah will regain its global prestige. Peace will prevail with many non-Muslim states, including the Jewish state. There will be no war.

The Second Stage of the Mahdi:

1. The Romans will break the truce, and war will resume. They will attack Sham and seize control, but Imam Mahdi will lead victorious battles against them. He will strike at their own territories and bring the war booty to Bayt al-Maqdis.
2. As Imam Mahdi’s victories increase, the Dajjal will emerge personally. This will intensify the wars, and jihad fi sabilillah (struggle in the cause of Allah) will revive across many regions. The Muslims will conquer India.

DAJJAL (The Antichrist)

There are numerous hadiths about the Dajjal, and extensive explanations about him. Here, we will focus on the most significant ones, as the Dajjal holds a critical place in Fiqh al-Tahawwulat (the Fiqh of Transitions). This is because the historical events and deviations that occur are deeply interconnected with the trials brought forth by this destructive figure. The Dajjal holds a significant position in Islam, both as a historical concept and as a figure of immense trial in the coming future.

Who is Dajjal and what does he do?

Dajjal will come to remove the Justice that Imam Mahdi filled with the earth and will corrupt it once again with disbelief, oppression, famine (to the believers) and giving wealth to those who obey him.

After this encounter, Tamim al-Dari returned to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and informed him of the events. The Prophet (peace be upon him) confirmed the details, and Tamim al-Dari eventually became a Muslim. The Prophet (peace be upon him) mentioned that the encounter with Al-Jassasa and the Dajjal was a sign of the impending emergence of the Dajjal.

Positions of dajjal:

1.      The dajjal and his place in human history.

2.      The place of dajjal in the history of the final message of Islam.

3.      The importance of understanding the dajjal as ideology and as a person.

There are two phases related to Dajjal:

1.      The fitna (trial) before his appearance (arrival)

2.      His physical arrival in the world

These two phases impact the lives of nations and people differently. Every diversion from the path of religion from the time of Adam [AS] to the coming of Dajjal and until the end of time comes under the name of the fitna of Dajjal.

In the initial phase, Dajjal will orchestrate his deceitful politics from afar without him being physically present. This groundwork will pave the way for his eventual physical manifestation. His arrival will be at the end, overlapping with the conclusion of Imam Mahdi’s period and the beginning of Prophet Isa’s (peace be upon him) reign.

Various hadiths describe Dajjal’s arrival and his subsequent journey on Earth. They also highlight signs indicating the establishment of his state within the humanity.

1.      The Fitna of Dajjal before his appearance

The influence of the Dajjal began through political means, paving the way for a system that deviates towards corruption and distortion of the truth—known as the Dajjali way. The people who propagate this ideology are the ones who bring this corrupt system to life, ultimately leading to the destruction of true religious values in nations.

The ideologies that shape human thought are, in essence, a manifestation of the Dajjal’s influence in the world. These ideologies are rooted in kufr, which is the very belief system of Shaytan. The Dajjal’s mission is to draw people toward these deviations, which inevitably lead them to disbelief (kufr). This is accomplished through the politicisation of both religious rulings and knowledge.

the Dajjal’s influence manipulates religious rulings and knowledge, turning them into secular and politicised tools that serve his agenda, ultimately distorting the true essence of religion and leading people away from the truth.

Allah has bestowed him with many abilities—in science, physical along with a long life, all of which are part of Allah’s divine wisdom that we cannot fully comprehend.

The Dajjal has a belief and an ideology known as al-Dajjal, which aims to spread falsehood (baatil) disguised as truth—such as the Darwinian theory, for instance.

He uses fear and terror to expand his influence, a tactic that can be observed in the media.

The politics movement of the Jews are seen as part of a cultural movement, leading toward the rise of the Antichrist (Dajjal).

There is strong tie between the dajjal and other dajjajila (Dajjali figures) who are the scholars in the religion and the world – playing a role in manufacturing and distorting religious teachings of sacred texts to serve the desires of Shaytan and the Dajjal in this world.

The most important aspect is the Fiqh at-Tahawwulat (transitions) and its relationship with the politics of the Dajjal, which can be understood through the hadiths narrated regarding this issue.

One of the key hadiths that highlight the dangers of this creature and its fitna is the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) repeated emphasis on seeking refuge in our prayers from the fitna of Maseeh al-Dajjal. This is a great sign from the prophet (peace be upon him) about the importance of seeking protection and acquiring knowledge about it.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) stated that the Dajjal himself is not as dangerous as the real danger lies in how the Ummah will fall into his fitna through various means—such as education, seminars, culture, media, economics, and politics—which will facilitate and ensure the success of the Dajjal’s journey and agenda.

If you can safeguard yourself from his fitna, you will be able to protect yourself from him when he appears. This is why the Prophet (peace be upon him) instructed us to hold tightly to his way and the way of the Khulafa Rashideen (the Rightly Guided Caliphs), urging us to grip it tightly, as if biting onto it, and never let go.

2.      His physical arrival in the world

After the victory of Imam Mahdi against the Romans, Dajjal will emerge in vengeance and anger, accompanied by 70,000 Jews from Isfahan, as the hadith describes – 13,000 of them being women He will first call people to belief, urging them towards faith and piety—gradually gaining followers.

His journey will take him to Kufa in Iraq, where he will claim to be a prophet. However, when people reject him, he will escalate his claim, declaring himself to be a god. The signs of his kufr will become evident, and he will openly announce his true identity.

The economic situation will become extremely difficult, with hunger and poverty spreading among the people. As the hadith mentions,

Dajjal will remain on earth for 40 days. His arrival will coincide with a time when religion has weakened, with people no longer taking it seriously and knowledge becoming scarce. He will lead the Bedouins into fitna and perform deceptive miracles, such as bringing the dead back to life. He will make the clouds rain, causing the earth to release all its treasures to make people believe he is God. He will also speed up time, rapidly moving from one place to another.

Dajjal will defeat the Iranians, then pass Iraq and then to the Arabian Peninsula. He will reach the boundaries of Makkah and Madinah (He is unable to enter these two holy cities). He will go to the Levant (Sham), where Imam Mahdi’s army are under siege on the Mountain of Smoke near Bayt al-Maqdis. Dajjal and his army will strengthen the siege, bringing even greater hardship to the Muslims.

He will surround Bayt al-Maqdis with his army and cut off the Palestinian land from Bayt al-Maqdis, preventing the other Muslims from reaching it to aid the Mahdi.

The siege will continue, and prophet Isa (AS), the son of Maryam, will descend near the white minaret in the east of Damascus. From there, he will make his way towards Bayt al-Maqdis to support Imam Mahdi on the mountain, where they are under siege. Isa (AS) will join the Muslims in praying the fajr prayer behind Imam Mahdi, as a Ma’mum (follower in prayer). Prophet Isa (AS) will call the Muslims to fight in jihad fi sabilillah (struggle in the path of Allah), and their battle cry will be “Iftah!” meaning “Open!” Dajjal will then flee to the depths of Palestine, with prophet Isa (AS) pursuing him to Bab al-Lut, where he will kill him. With Dajjal’s defeat, Allah will bring victory over the Jews.

This is one of the many tests and trials that will occur during the time of the Dajjal, as he deceives and misleads people with his false miracles and manipulations.

Dajjal will appear with a river in one hand and fire in the other. Those who reject him will be cast into what appears to be fire, and those who follow him will be led to what seems like a river—though in reality, the truth is the opposite.

Most of those who will follow Dajjal are unbelievers, hypocrites, immoral individuals, some Bedouins, women, and Jews. Dajjal will draw people towards him by tempting them with the allure of worldly pleasures, encouraging them to indulge in haram (forbidden) actions, and leading them to follow their desires.

The above hadith does not mean the majority of the people on earth, rather the majority of people in some of the places he will go to.

Prophet Isa (‘Alayhi Salaam)

The descent of Isa (Peace be upon him) is one of the most significant signs of the Hour. Studying his return is essential in understanding the Shari’ah, particularly within the context of the fourth pillar of religion—the Signs of the Hour.

Due to the importance of this subject, Allah addressed it in the Qur’an to refute the falsehoods propagated by the Jews regarding the killing and crucifixion of Isa (AS).

This shows the importance of rejecting the old political systems that the Jews, Christians, the Dajjal, as well as their followers once followed. With the arrival and leadership of prophet Isa (AS), there will be no more provocative politics intended to stir up conflict, division, or unrest among people (Tahreej). This is a tactic used by the jews, Christians, and the dajajala (the followers and supporters of Dajjal) to incite division, create conflict, and plunder the wealth of nations. These divisive and exploitative strategies is the principles of Shaytan. It is based on divide and conquer. The coming of Isa (AS) will bring an end to these social and economic issues, and the remaining Jews and Christians will embrace Islam.

This means that people will no longer need weapons (swords), as there will be no need for battle in a society governed by justice. Allah will eliminate harmful elements, even removing poison from animals.

He will govern the world according to Sharia, kill the pigs, break the cross, and the Christians will embrace Islam. People will stop giving sadaqah (charity) because there will be no one in need to accept it. Treasures will surface, but no one will desire them, as wealth will be abundant, and the Hour will be near.

The price of horses will decrease, while the price of bulls/oxen will rise, as the land will need to be cultivated. There will be no wars, and therefore no demand for horses. The entire world will experience peace and an abundance of goodness. Agriculture will flourish without conflict or division for as long as Isa (Aleyhi Salam) lives.

During his time, Isa (Aleyhi Salam) will go to the two holy mosques (Al-Haramein), settle there, and eventually pass away in Madinah. His grave will be beside that of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Years after the death of Prophet Isa (AS), people will gradually return to the ways of Jahiliyya (the state of ignorance, moral decline, and polytheism that existed before Islam). This period will be marked by a deterioration of faith, and people will slowly revert to sinful practices.

A cool breeze will come from Sham that will take the lives of all the believers, leaving behind only those who are corrupt and devoid of faith. As a result, there will be no one left on earth who has even an atom of Iman (faith). Only the most wicked and immoral people will remain.

Between the death of Prophet Isa (AS) and the rising of the sun from the west, the following events occur:

·       A man from Quraysh named Muq’ad will initially take over leadership.

·        After him, another man from Quraysh will rise to power, but unlike Muq’ad, he will not have a the same reputation.

·       Following this, a man named Al-Maqzoumi will oppose him, possibly someone referred to as “Al-Jahjaa” by the Prophet (peace be upon him). This figure will create division and discord.

·       Then, Al-Qahqani, who is aligned with the path of Al-Mahdi and known by the title “Al-Mansour,” will emerge to confront him. He will rule for 21 years, after which the world will begin to deteriorate. Following his reign, evil will gradually spread, and corruption will increase until the sun rises from the west, signalling the approach of the Hour.

After the cool breeze from Sham takes the souls of the believers, leaving behind only the wicked, Shaytan will manifest before them and ask, “Are you not ashamed?” They will reply, “What do you command us?” Shaytan will then instruct them to worship idols, and they will obey. They will continue living in this way until the sound of the trumpet is heard.

YAJOOJ WA MAJOOJ – GOG MAGOG

At the end of the mission of prophet Isa (peace be upon him), when peace and tranquillity have spread throughout the Islamic state, and before he travels to Makkah and Madinah, Yajooj and Majooj will appear.

Gog and Magog are two groups from the children of Adam, and their names are non-Arabic. Scholars of the Arabic language say that the name ‘Gog – Yajuj’ and ‘Magog – Majooj’ are thought to be derived from the Arabic root ajaja (عَجَجَ), which means to burn (burning fire), to boil, high temperature, and salty water that burns due to its saltiness. These names reflect the characteristics of these two destructive nations. Their nature is to burn, corrupt, and destroy everything in their path.

After Isa (alayhi salaam) defeats the Dajjal at the gate of Lud, having removed the greatest trial of all time, Allah will reveal to him to take His servants to Mount At-Tur in Sinai, leaving the earth for the two evil tribes, Yajooj and Majooj.

he will make supplication to Allah to eliminate Gog and Magog. In response, Allah will send worms or a plague to attack the necks of Gog and Magog, causing them to die. Their bodies will start to decay, emitting a terrible stench, and the believers will be freed from their evil.

Isa (alayhi salaam) and the believers will then pray for the removal of their remains, and Allah will command that their bodies be removed from the earth by sending birds with long necks to carry away the bodies of Gog and Magog and dispose of them. After their death, Isa (alayhi salaam) will rule justly, and the earth will experience a period of tranquillity before the Day of Judgment.

The appearance of the smoke (Ad-Dukhan)

The appearance of the smoke (Dukhan) is considered one of the major Signs of the Hour, and one of the significant events that will occur in the lead-up to the final Hour.

It is a thick, dark smoke that will cover the sky and spread over the entire earth. It is believed that this smoke will be so intense that it will obscure the sun and cause immense distress to people. The smoke is a form of punishment, and it will make people experience extreme hardship.

Interpretations Regarding the Smoke

Scholars have differed in their interpretation of the Smoke.

Ibn Mas‘ud (may Allah be pleased with him) believed it refers to the famine that struck the Quraysh when the Prophet ﷺ invoked Allah against them. As a result, they experienced severe drought and hunger, to the point where they imagined seeing smoke in the sky due to extreme starvation.

Other Opinion:

Some scholars and companions, such as Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), held the view that this Smoke is a future event and is among the terrifying major signs that will appear near the end of times.

Ibn Mas ‘ud (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned that there will be two instances of Smoke:

1.      One that has already passed (the famine during the Prophet’s time).

2.      A future one, which will be a great smoke that will fill the entire heavens and earth, lasting for forty days.

·       The believers will experience it as a mild affliction, like a light fever.

·       The disbelievers, however, will suffer severely as it will cause extreme distress.

Imam Qurtubi mentions that the smoke will cover the earth for a period of forty days, affecting both the believers and disbelievers. The former will be affected as if suffering from a common cold, whereas the latter will suffer harder. [Jami` al-Ahkam al-Qur’an]

The three Khusufs (the earth opens and swallows what’s in it)

Among the major signs of the Hour is the occurrence of three great land collapses (sinkholes), where the earth will open and swallow up people or places as a form of divine punishment. This event will occur in three specific locations: in the East, in the West, and in the Arabian Peninsula.

This is indicated in the following hadith.

Scholars’ Interpretations of the Three Land Collapses:

Many scholars believe that these land collapses have not occurred yet and that their occurrence will be catastrophic and extraordinary—a sign of the nearing end of the world. However, some scholars interpret these sinkholes as possible references to frequent earthquakes and landslides.

Additionally, some scholars connect these land collapses to the era of prophet ‘Isa (Jesus, peace be upon him) and the final period of pre-Qiyamah (judgement day) turmoil, similar to what is mentioned about the Smoke. And Allah knows best.

Some narrations place the three great land collapses among the ten unavoidable major signs of the Hour.

Next, a great gathering fire will emerge from Yemen (Aden), guiding everyone to the Mahshar (the place of gathering). These events will be witnessed by the disbelievers. Afterward, an individual known as Dhul-Suwayqatayn (meaning ‘the man with two thin legs’) from Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia) will appear and dismantle the Ka’bah, brick by brick.

This is mentioned among the sayings of the Prophet ﷺ,

Ad-Dabbah (The Beast)

Al-Dabbah is a significant creature that will appear during the end times, specifically when corruption has spread among humanity. It will have the ability to speak and reason. It will mark the faces of people, distinguishing the believers from the disbelievers. The Beast of the Earth is described as carrying the Seal of Solomon and the Staff of Moses. Regarding its emergence, some say it will appear from a crack in the Ka’bah, while others suggest it will come from the hills of Safa among others. It is described as a combination of different beasts and animals.

Scholars differ whether the emergence of Al-Dabbah will occur before the sun rises from the west or after. However, once one of these signs begins, the other will follow immediately after—they will happen in quick succession, which is indicated in the following Hadith.

As for Al-Dabbah and its impact on the people, it will mark the disbelievers with a “kafir” (unbeliever) on their noses and cause the believers to glow. This distinction will be so clear that people will call out to one another, saying, “O believer,” and responding, “Yes, O kafir.”

The Connection to the Loss of Knowledge and the Removal of the Qur’an:

It has been narrated that the Qur’an will be lifted from the hearts of people.

The Impact of the Dabbah (Beast) on Believers, Disbelievers and Iblis:

The believer will give birth, but will not die until completing forty years after the emergence of the Beast of the Earth. Then, death will return among them, and they will remain in that state as long as Allah wills. Then, death will hasten among the believers until no believer remains.

The disbelievers will then say, ‘We used to be terrified of the believers, but now not one of them remains, and repentance is no longer accepted from us.’ They will then engage in immoral acts in the streets like animals. A man will commit incest with his mother, sister, or daughter in the middle of the road. One will finish, and another will take his place, and no one will object or attempt to stop it. The best of them on that day will be the one who merely says, ‘If only you would step aside from the road, that would be better.’

They will remain in this state until no legitimate children are born, and all the inhabitants of the Earth will be illegitimate children. They will remain so as long as Allah wills. Then, Allah will render the wombs of women barren for thirty years—no woman will give birth, and there will be no children on Earth. All of them will be the offspring of adultery and the worst of people. Upon them, the Hour (the Day of Judgment) will be established.

As for Iblis:

·       His punishment is delayed – he wanted it delayed until they [humans] rise again, but Allah said to him until the appointed time.

·       When the sun rises from the west Iblis throws himself in sajda to Allah. And he says ‘My Lord, order me to make sajda to anyone you want.’

·       Zabaniyya (Angels of jahanam) will ask: ‘Oh Sir, what is this pleading?’ Iblis will reply: ‘I asked Allah to leave me until this certain time, and now it is the certain time.’

The sun rising from the west

Among the major signs of the Hour, which no one has denied its occurrence, is the rising of the sun from the west. The Day of Judgment will not come until the sun rises from the west. At that point, everyone will believe in it, but those who did not believe before will not benefit from belief.

The rising of the sun from the west and the emergence of the beast will occur in quick succession. Whichever one happens first, the other will immediately follow.

The doors of Tawbah (repentance) will be closed, and the fate of each person will be sealed. At that time, anyone who had not believed before will find that their belief will not benefit them, and repentance will no longer be accepted.

The verse mentioned above does not refer to the repentance of an individual sinner, but rather, it refers to a universal event after which repentance will no longer be accepted. This is because the rising of the sun from the west is an overwhelming and extraordinary sign, which will make people witness the truth firsthand.

At that moment, the veil over their perception will be lifted, and they will realise the reality of faith and divine truth. However, since faith must be based on conviction and not forced recognition, their belated belief will not be accepted.

The Quran will be removed from the earth where no verse remains in written form or in the hearts of individuals.

The Gathering fire

The gathering fire is one of the major signs of the Hour. In fact, it is considered the final sign before the Hour is established, marking the beginning of the Last Day.

This fire will emerge from Yemen, specifically from Aden, and will serve as a means of driving people to the Mahshar (the place of gathering on the Day of Judgment), which is in Sham (Syria).

The Fire That Gathers People from the East to the West:

This means that the affairs of the world will come to an end, and nothing will preoccupy people except what leads to the Hereafter.

What is the Gathering Fire?

Scholars have discussed whether this fire will be literal, consuming and forcing people towards the gathering place, or if it symbolises mass migrations due to catastrophic events.

It has been described as:

·       A massive fire that will push people westward, moving them towards their final destination.

·       A phenomenon that may last for a long period before finally leading people to the Mahshar (place of final gathering).

·       A material fire or another divine event that drives people forward.

The Chaotic Flight in Fear of the Fire:

The Prophet ﷺ gave a vivid description of how people will flee in masses when this fire appears in hadiths Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

There are three categories of people:

1.      Some will be willing riders, fleeing with provisions.

2.      Some will run on foot, exhausted and struggling.

3.      Others will move in groups, taking turns riding their animals or walking.

They will cross rivers and difficult terrain, rushing towards the gathering place.

The Final Migration to the Levant (Sham):

The Prophet ﷺ foretold that before the Hour, there will be a migration similar to that of Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).

Some scholars believe that Sham will be the land of the final gathering based on the Qur’anic verse:

But does this mean that Sham will be the final gathering place? The answer is no, because the verse does not refer to the Signs of the Hour. Instead, it speaks about the transformation of the heavens and the earth at the final resurrection.

The gathering mentioned in the hadiths refers to people being assembled in one place on Earth before the resurrection. As for the gathering on the Day of Judgment, that occurs after the resurrection of the dead. And Allah knows best.

The Trumpet

The Trumpet is one of the most significant and momentous events related to the Day of Judgment. It marks the end of the world and the beginning of the resurrection and the final reckoning of all humanity.

The Trumpet will be blown by Israfil (Angel Raphael), who is one of the four archangels in Islam. Israfil has been assigned the task of blowing the Trumpet to signal the end of the world and the resurrection of all creatures for judgment.

The sound of the Trumpet will be so overwhelming that it will cause the death of everything in creation

1. The First Blast: The first blast of the Trumpet will result in the destruction of all life on earth. All living beings will die, and the heavens and the earth will be shaken, as described in several verses of the Quran. This event will signal the complete end of the world as we know it.

2. The Second Blast: After a period of time, Allah will command the Angel Israfil to blow the Trumpet a second time. This second blast will bring about the resurrection of all creatures. The dead will be revived, and all people will be gathered together in the Mahshar (the place of assembly) for their final judgment.

Conclusion

The Legal Chronological Sequence of the Signs and Indications Leading to the Day of Judgment

§  Indications in the divine scriptures to the nations about the emergence of the final message.

§  His birth ﷺ and the signs that appeared during that time.

§  His upbringing ﷺ and the miraculous events that accompanied it.

§  His mission ﷺ and the prophetic phase.

§  His passing ﷺ.

§  The period of the rightly guided Caliphate, lasting 30 years.

§  The phase of hereditary monarchy (Umayyad – Abbasid).

§  The period of states, divisions.

§  The phase of weakness, decline, and the loss of dignity for the Muslims(al-Gutha)

§  The phase of following (imitation) – Subordination

§  The colonial era: Exploitation – Disregard – Contempt.

§  Secularism – Liberalism – Globalisation.

§  The phase of revival (“The Awakening of the Nations”), from the end of the fourth (fitna) tribulation (‘amya) to the mid-era (2^nd Sufyani).

§  The youthful phase.

§  The phase of stability (“The Mahdi Era”).

§  The phase of the Dajjal (“The Antichrist Era”).

§  The phase of the return of Isa (Jesus, son of Mary) [AS] – The unification of all faiths under Islam and the final phase of divine guidance (al-‘Isawiyya).

§  The phase of Invasion (al-Yajujiyya) – The appearance of Gog and Magog, indicating the beginning of worldly collapse.

§  The phase of Shirk and Godlessness (al-La Dayana) – A return to idol worship and complete abandonment of faith.

§  The Manifest Signs (al-Ayat wal-‘Alamat) – Despair sets in; repentance is no longer accepted. These signs include: The Beast, he Smoke, The Wind that takes the souls of the believers, The Sun rising from the West etc.

§  The End of the Human World and Universe – Marked by the blowing of the trumpet (al-Sur), signalling the Day of Judgment.