scientific Miracles of the holy Quran

Throughout history, Allah has sent prophets with miracles that matched the strengths of their time. In the era of Musa (Moses, peace be upon him), magic was at its peak, yet his staff turning into a snake and consuming the magicians’ illusions clearly surpassed their craft. Isa (Jesus, peace be upon him) performed miracles like healing the blind and raising the dead, far beyond the reach of advanced medicine. During Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) time, Arabs excelled in language and poetry, yet the Qur’an’s unmatched eloquence and depth left even the greatest poets in awe.

Unlike these time-bound miracles, the Qur’an is a timeless one. Early miracles were witnessed and then passed, like a flash of light. But as science and technology advance, more people recognize the scientific truths in the Qur’an, proof that it remains a living miracle for all generations.

This article will delve into some of these scientific miracles which are evidence that the Qur’an continues to speak to both the heart and the intellect in every era.

The Miracle of the quran

“This is a blessed Book which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], that they might reflect upon its verses and that those of understanding would be reminded” – Quran: Surah Al-Baqarah (2:26)

The Quran holds a central place in every Muslim’s life and is regarded as a miracle in its very essence. Unlike the temporary miracles granted to earlier prophets, the Quran is a perpetual miracle revealed gradually over 23 years (610–633 CE) and it has been preserved unchanged for more than 1,400 years. Its preservation, both in oral and written form, remains unparalleled among religious texts. Referred to as Al-Kitāb (The Book) and Al-Qur’an (The Recitation), it has been memorised in its entirety by millions of Muslims across generations. Even if every written copy were lost, the Quran would still live on in the hearts of believers, an enduring testimony to its divine origin.

One of its most remarkable aspects is its linguistic brilliance. The Quran was revealed at a time when Arabic poetry, rhetoric, and eloquence were at their height, yet its style stood apart from anything known. It was neither poetry nor ordinary prose, but a unique mode of expression – majestic, precise, and deeply moving. The Quran itself challenged sceptics:

“And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our Servant, then produce a surah the like thereof.” (Quran 2:23)

No one has ever met this challenge. Its verses employ rare vocabulary, flawless grammar, and subtle shifts in tone that reveal multiple layers of meaning. Scholars of Arabic, even among non-believers, have acknowledged that its eloquence and depth are beyond human capacity. Each word seems chosen with perfect precision so much so that altering even a single word would diminish its power. It contains no contradictions, no linguistic errors, and no factual mistakes despite spanning topics from law to morality, history to cosmology and more. Generations of critics have examined it, yet none have found an error. Not only is it free from defects, but it also cannot be improved. No writer, poet, or orator has been able to enhance its eloquence, because it is already at the most optimal possible standard of expression.

The Quran’s verses hold endless layers of meaning guiding daily life outwardly while offering deeper spiritual truths inwardly. The same verse

(ayah) is layered with such deep wisdom that it carries a multitude of insights discovered through generations, making its contents and wisdom timeless and inexhaustible.

But the Quran’s miraculous nature extends far beyond eloquence. It also contains knowledge of the unseen. It unveils truths of the unseen (al-ghayb) that no human could have known unaided. It describes realities of the afterlife in great and meticulous detail, for instance: paradise with rivers flowing beneath gardens (Quran 2:25, 47:15), the blazing fire of Hell and its guardians (Quran 74:26–30), and the Sirat, a bridge thinner than a hair stretched over Hell, which every soul must cross. It unveils hidden realities of the afterlife with such vivid detail that no human could have imagined or have described themselves.

It also recounts stories of past nations with remarkable clarity and accuracy. It narrates the devotion of Maryam (Mary) and the miraculous birth of Isa (Jesus) (Quran 19:16–36), the arrogance and downfall of Pharaoh (Quran 28:3–42), and the fate of prophets and communities long forgotten by the Arabs of the 7th century. And as well as the past, we also see how it predicts the future by having clear prophecies that later unfolded exactly as foretold. For example, In Surah Ar-Rum (30:2–4), it is declared that the Romans, after suffering a crushing defeat at the hands of the Persians, would soon be victorious again within a few years – something unimaginable at the time, but fulfilled precisely.

However, the Quran isn’t just a book of information; it is also a source of healing. This healing is not a vague metaphor, but something many have witnessed spiritually, emotionally, and even physically. The recitation of the Quran aids in spiritual and physical well-being, with research suggesting that it can enhance brain activity, immunity, and even help treat illnesses.

The Quran stands as an enduring miracle that is unchanged, memorised, and unmatched in eloquence. It speaks of the unseen, recounts the stories of the past, and foretells the future with accuracy that no human could achieve. Free from error and beyond imitation, its verses carry inexhaustible layers of wisdom, offering guidance, reflection, and spiritual depth that remain fresh and relevant for every generation.

Development of the embryo

Among the many wonders of the Quran, it also explores the
fascinating realm of human biology. It describes the development of human life,
from gametes to conception, in intricate detail both in the Quran itself and in
the Hadiths. These descriptions offer profound insights that were revealed at a
time when scientific knowledge was insufficient to explain such phenomena
without scientific equipment . Remarkably, these ancient revelations align
seamlessly with modern scientific understanding, further highlighting the
Quran’s timeless and divine nature.

Fertilisation Of The Sperm And Egg

“Indeed, We created man from a sperm-drop mixture (nutfah)
that We may try him; and We made him hearing and seeing.” –
Qur’an: Surah Al-Insan 76:2

The Quran divides fetal growth and
development into four distinct stages. The first stage mentioned in the Quran
is known as the ‘Nutfah’. This refers to a small quantity of fluid, which in
biological terms symbolises the union of fluids from both the mother and father
which are the female and male gametes. This stage marks the beginning of human
development.

This is reinforced according to
embryologists John Allen and Beverly Kramer, who state that the creation of a
human being starts with the fusion of two microscopic cells called gametes.
Then, the oocyte, contributed by the mother, and the spermatozoon, contributed
by the father, come together to form a single cell known as the zygote. This
zygote serves as the foundational cell from which the entire embryo and its
supporting structures develop.

The Quranic description of the ‘Nutfah’ as a “sperm-drop
mixture” accurately reflects the process of fertilisation, where the
genetic material (DNA) from both parents combines to create a zygote with a complete
set of chromosomes. This moment signifies the inception of human life, as the
genetic blueprint of the individual is established for the first time. The
alignment of this Quranic insight with modern embryology underscores its
profound accuracy and timeless relevance.

Implantation and Early Embryo to Early
organ formation

“Then We made the sperm-drop into a clinging clot (alaqa),
and We made the clot into a lump (mudghah).” – Quran: Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:14

The Quran then provides an astonishingly
accurate description of the early stages of embryonic development, particularly
during the ‘Alaqa’ stage.

The term ‘Alaqa’ carries multiple meanings,
each capturing a unique aspect of this developmental phase. Firstly, it refers
to something that clings, just as the embryo firmly attaches itself to the
uterine wall, securing its position for further growth. Secondly, this term can
also mean a ‘leech-like substance’ and amazingly we find that the embryo’s
appearance during this stage resembles a leech-like structure, reflecting its
shape and form (as illustrated in the image above)

Lastly, ‘Alaqa’ also alludes to the
presence of a blood clot, corresponding to the embryo’s early vascular system,
where blood circulation begins. These detailed descriptions, revealed in the
Quran over 1400 years ago, strikingly parallel the intricate processes of human
embryogenesis.

As the embryo completes the ‘Alaqa’ stage
by days 24-25, it transitions into the next phase, known as ‘Mudgah’. This
stage, occurring around days 26-27, is characterised by the formation of
segmented structures called somites. The term ‘Mudgah’ describes the embryo’s
appearance, resembling a “chewed-like substance.”

Modern embryology confirms the accuracy of
this description. During this stage, after the formation of the embryo and
placenta, the embryo begins to receive nutrients and energy, leading to rapid
growth. While the embryo starts to take on a more recognizable form, it remains
a small piece of flesh without distinct features, yet the presence of somites
gives it a texture akin to teeth marks, as depicted in the image.

These phases marks a period of profound
transformation in the embryo, aligning closely with modern embryological
findings.

Skeletal And Muscular Development Into A
Human Being

“Then (fa) We made out of the lump bones, then We covered the
bones with flesh.” — Quran: Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:14

“Who (God) created you, then (fa) made you even and
straight (sawwak) and then (fa) modified you (‘addalak)” — Quran: Surah Al-Infitar 82:7

The Qur’an offers a remarkably precise
account of embryonic development, describing the formation of bones ‘Iẓām’’ followed by
muscles ‘laḥm’. This sequence once challenged by
scientists was later confirmed through modern embryology, overturning long-held
assumptions.

Around the 5th to 7th week of gestation,
mesenchymal cells begin forming a cartilage model that ossifies into bone. This
skeletal framework gives the embryo a more human-like shape, distinguishing it
from other species and enabling the straightening of the body and development
of vital organs. The Quranic use of the conjunction fa (“then”) between the muḍghah (chewed-like lump) and ‘iẓām stages implies a swift, ordered transition that
mirrors the biological timeline.

Following osteogenesis, the Quran describes
the bones being “clothed with flesh” (kasaunā al-‘iẓām laḥman). This poetic
phrasing beautifully captures the migration of myoblasts, which cluster around
the skeleton to form dorsal and ventral muscle masses. The verb kasauna conveys meanings such as “to
clothe,” “to encase,” and “to cover,” reflecting both the anatomical layering
and the elegance of Qur’anic expression. The term laḥm encompasses not only limb muscles but also those surrounding
the axial skeleton, completing the body’s structural and functional design.

This stage exemplifies the Qur’an’s alignment with scientific discovery
revealing a developmental truth centuries before it was observed under the
microscope.

Final Development Stage Of The Human Being

“ He created you ˹all˺ from a single soul, then
from it He made its mate. And He produced for you four pairs of
cattle. He creates you in the wombs of your mothers ˹in stages˺, one development after
another, in three layers of darkness. That is Allah—your Lord! All
authority belongs to Him. There is no god ˹worthy of
worship˺ except Him. How can you then
be turned away?” – Quran: Surah Az-Zumar 39:6

From the 9th week until birth, human
development unfolds in two primary stages. During the fetal period (9th week to
6th month), the body undergoes rapid growth, becoming more proportionate.
Facial features, limbs, and organs become clearly defined, while the nervous
system matures, enabling movement. Bones continue to harden, and muscles
strengthen as the foetus develops further.

In the final growth and maturation stage
(6th month to term), the fetus gains weight and accumulates fat stores, which
are crucial for survival outside the womb. Organs such as the lungs and brain
continue to mature, and the fetus becomes more responsive to external stimuli.
By the final weeks, the baby typically positions itself head-down in
preparation for birth.

The Quran describes fetal development as
occurring within “three veils of darkness,” as stated in Surah Az-Zumar (39:6):
“He creates
you in the wombs of your mothers, creation after creation, in three veils of
darkness…” These layers are interpreted as the abdominal wall,
uterine wall, and amniotic sac, which align with modern embryology’s
understanding of the protective layers surrounding the fetus.

According to Islamic jurists (fuqaha), the
soul (ruh) enters the fetus at around 120 days (4 months) after conception. In
Islamic thought, the fetus is not merely a living organism but a potential
human being. True humanity, however, is realised with the infusion of the soul,
which occurs at a specific time determined by divine wisdom. This moment
coincides with the stage when most organs are fully developed, and the fetus
takes on a distinctly human form. This concept is supported not only by the
Quran but also by the Hadith, which further elaborates on the stages of
embryonic development.

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

“Indeed, the creation of one of you is gathered in his
mother’s womb for forty days as a nutfah (drop of fluid), then he becomes a
‘alaqah (clinging clot) for a similar period, then he becomes a mudghah
(chewed-like substance) for a similar period. Then the angel is sent to him and
breathes the soul into him and is commanded to write four things: his
provision, his lifespan, his deeds, and whether he will be wretched or
blessed.” Sahhih

How could Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)
have known such precise knowledge 1400 years ago, when modern scientists have
only recently uncovered this knowledge using advanced equipment and powerful
microscopes that did not exist at the time?

In 1981, during the Seventh Medical
Conference in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Dr. Keith Moore, a renowned embryologist,
remarked,

“It
has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify some statements in the Quran
about human development. It is clear to me that these statements must have come
to Muhammad from God (Allah), because almost all of this knowledge was not
discovered until many centuries later. This proves to me that Muhammad must
have been a Messenger of God (Allah).”

This extraordinary alignment between the
Quranic descriptions and modern scientific discoveries serves as a profound
testament to the divine origin of the Quran and the truth of its message.

Astronomy in the Quran

For centuries, humans have gazed at the sky in wonder, searching for answers about the universe. Today, science has uncovered incredible truths about the cosmos, from the Big Bang to black holes and the expanding universe. Yet, over 1,400 years ago, the Quran revealed during a time when astronomy was still in its early stages, contained verses that strikingly align with these modern discoveries.

The Quran frequently urges people to reflect on the natural world, presenting celestial phenomena as signs of divine wisdom. This article examines four key astronomical concepts mentioned in the Quran: black holes, the Big Bang, the expansion of the universe, and the Big Crunch. By exploring these verses alongside their scientific interpretations, we can see how the Quran continues to inspire curiosity and deepen our understanding of the cosmos.

The Black Hole “The Vacuum Cleaner of the Universe”

“So I swear by the receding stars—those that run and disappear.” Quran: Surah At-Takwir 81:15-16

According to NASA, a black hole is a region in space where gravity is so powerful that nothing, not even light, can escape. These cosmic phenomena form when massive stars collapse under their own gravity, creating a gravitational field so intense that it distorts space-time. While black holes themselves are invisible, scientists detect them by observing their effects on nearby stars, light, and space. As black holes consume matter, they often emit intense bursts of energy.

Remarkably, the Quran described concepts resembling black holes long before their scientific discovery in 1967. It uses specific Arabic terms that align with black hole characteristics:

– “الخُنَّس” (al-khunnas): Refers to something that recedes, withdraws, or becomes hidden.

– “الْجَوَارِ” (al-Jawār): Means those that move or travel.

– “الْكُنَّسِ” (al-kunnas): Describes something that is sweeping

These beautifully encapsulate the key features of the black hole: When Allah says ‘Al- Khunnas’, this can refer to their invisible nature, as they do not emit light and remain hidden from view, detectable only through their gravitational effects, mirroring the Quranic idea of “disappearing” stars. Then Allah says ‘Al-jawar’ which can be the Quranic reference to celestial objects “running their course”. This relates to how black holes are traveling through space or orbiting other stars. Then lastly the mention of ‘Al-Kunnas’ can be related to their ability to sweep in surrounding matter including light, which is akin to its original translation of the word that refers to something that “sweeps” things into itself.

This verse can be interpreted as a poetic yet strikingly accurate depiction of black holes or neutron stars objects that are invisible but exert immense gravitational forces.

The Big Bang theory & Expansion of the Universe

“Do the disbelievers not realize that the heavens and earth were ˹once˺ one mass then We split them apart? And We created from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?” – Quran: Surah Al-Anbya 21:30

“We built the universe with ˹great˺ might, and We are certainly expanding ˹it˺. – Quran: Surah Adh-Dhariyat 51:47

“On that Day We will roll up the heavens like a scroll of writings. Just as We produced the first creation, ˹so˺ shall We reproduce it. That is a promise binding on Us. We truly uphold ˹Our promises˺!” – Quran: Surah Al-Anbya 21:104

The Big Bang theory, proposed by astronomer Georges Lemaître, explains the origin of the universe. It suggests that the universe began as an incredibly small, dense point and rapidly expanded, much like an inflating balloon, growing from smaller than an electron to nearly its current size.

Interestingly, the Quran contains descriptions that align with this theory. It states that the heavens and Earth were once a single entity before being separated. Muslim scholars interpreted this verse in surah Al-Anbiya verse 30 where Allah says: ‘ Do the disbelievers not realize that the heavens and earth were ˹once˺ one mass then We split them apart’. This verse used the Arabic words ‘ratq’ (meaning ‘joined together” or “closed up”) and ‘fataq’ (meaning “to separate” or “ruptured”).

These terms suggest a process of creation through separation, similar to the Big Bang’s concept of a singularity expanding into the universe.

The expansion of the universe is a key piece of evidence that it originated from nothing. In 1929, Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving away from each other, proving the universe is expanding. Long before telescopes existed or Hubble formulated his law, the Quran, recited by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) to his companions, described the universe as expanding. This ancient revelation aligns with modern scientific understanding, highlighting the Quran’s profound insights.

The Big Crunch Theory

“On the day when We will fold the heaven, like the folder compacts the books, and as We originated the first creation We shall return it; a promise (binding on Us); surely We will deliver” – Quran: Surah Al-Anbya 21:104

Scientists analysing data from DESI, an instrument designed to study Dark Energy’s effects on light, discovered that the universe’s acceleration is slowing down, contrary to the previous belief that it was constant.

This finding ties into the Big Crunch theory, which predicts that gravity will eventually dominate, causing the universe to collapse back in on itself. This theory, rooted in Einstein’s general relativity, suggests that the universe, which began with the Big Bang, could end in a similar contraction.

The Quran also describes a scenario where the heavens (universe) will be “folded back,” similar to rolling up a scroll. This mirrors the Big Crunch concept, where the universe, after expanding, might contract and collapse. Thus this description aligns with the scientific idea of a cyclical universe, potentially ending in a contraction before a new beginning long before modern astrophysics or advanced telescopes existed.

This alignment between ancient scripture and cutting-edge cosmology challenges natural explanations. The rational conclusion is that this knowledge originates from the Creator Himself the One who designed the universe and revealed its mysteries as a sign for those who reflect.

The Speed Of Light

“They challenge you ˹O Prophet˺ to hasten the torment. And Allah will never fail in His promise. But a day with your Lord is indeed like a thousand years by your counting.” – Quran: Surah Al-Hajj 22:47

Some researchers believe this verse hints at the speed of light by suggesting a time relationship between one divine day and a thousand human years.

The verse tells us that time passes differently for Allah compared to how we experience it. It suggests that what we see as 1,000 years is like just 1 day in the divine perspective.

If this idea is connected to physics, it can be linked to time dilation, a concept in Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, which explains how time moves slower for objects traveling at high speeds.

The Moon’s Orbit and Measuring Distance

In earlier interpretations, scholars looked at the movement of the moon to understand this time difference:

● The moon orbits Earth in about 27.3 days, but from our perspective, due to Earth’s movement, a full lunar month lasts about 29.5 days.

● In 1,000 years, the moon travels a massive distance.

● By calculating this total journey and dividing it by the number of seconds in a day, we get a speed close to 299,792 km/s, which is the speed of light.

A Relativity-Based Approach

A more modern perspective connects this verse to Einstein’s Special Relativity:

● Einstein discovered that when objects move close to the speed of light, time slows down for them.

● This effect is measured by the Lorentz Factor (γ), which is a number that tells us how much time slows down for an object moving at a certain speed.

● If 1 divine day equals 1,000 human years, this suggests a huge time dilation effect, which happens when something moves extremely fast—close to the speed of light.

By using mathematical formulas from relativity, researchers found that the speed needed for such a time dilation is nearly the speed of light itself.

This interpretation suggests that the Quran’s description of time, where one divine day equals a thousand human years, may align with modern physics, particularly the speed of light and time dilation in Einstein’s relativity. Calculations based on the moon’s orbit and relativistic equations show a connection to the speed of light.

Allah’s Oath on the Stars

“So I swear by the positions of the stars. And verily, that is a mighty oath, if you only knew” – Quran: Surah Al-Waqiah 56:75-76

This verse is extraordinary because it highlights the positions (مواقع, mawaqi’) of the stars rather than the stars themselves. Modern astronomy reveals that the actual position of a star is often different from where we see it due to the immense distances and the time it takes for light to travel. Many stars visible to us have already burned out, meaning we are only seeing their past light, an astonishing fact which was unknown at the time of revelation.

This subtle distinction of swearing by the positions rather than the stars captures a profound reality that could not have been known in the 7th century. This verse implies an advanced understanding of light travel, relativity, and cosmic distances, reinforcing the Quran’s miraculous knowledge of the universe.

‘Red Rose’ in the Sky

“How horrible will it be˺ when the heavens will split apart, becoming rose-red like ˹burnt˺ oil!” – Quran: Surah Ar-Rahman 55:37

In this verse we see a dramatic picture being painted of how the mentions how the ‘heavens will split apart, becoming rose-red like burnt oil’. If we take this verse and consider what modern science has discovered, the “red rose in the sky” refers to the nebular formations composed of ionized gases such as hydrogen and helium, which are dispersed across vast regions of space. These gases erupt with immense speed and intensity before gradually coming together to form massive gas clouds with temperatures exceeding 15,000 degrees Celsius.

One of the most striking examples of such a formation is the Rosette Nebula, named for its incredible resemblance to the petals of a blooming rose. A team of researchers, led by Leisa Townsley from Penn State University, used the Chandra X-ray telescope to study the Nebula in detail. Their observations revealed that the stars within the Rosette Nebula are colliding, generating gas with scorching temperatures of up to 6 million degrees. This discovery supports the Quranic description of the sky turning “rose-red, like burnt oil.”

What makes this revelation even more remarkable is that such celestial phenomena can only be observed through advanced technological instruments such as the telescope mentioned. Yet remarkably, the Qur’an described this vivid scene centuries ago, long before modern technology made it visible.

Geology in the Quran

The Quran contains numerous verses that touch upon natural
phenomena, many of which are connected with modern geological discoveries. In
this section, we explore the Qur’an through the lens of geology looking at the
mountains, oceans, skies and Zamzam water.

Mountains Structures

“And We have placed firm mountains upon the earth so it does not
shake with them, and made in it broad pathways so they may find their way.” – Quran: Surah Al-Anbya 21:31

“Have We not made the earth as a bed, and the mountains as
pegs?” – Quran:
Surah Al-Anbya 78:6-7

The description of mountains found in the Quran has two key claims stating that mountains can be described as ‘pegs’ and
that mountains play some role in ‘stabilizing the Earth’ – these two ideas are evidence of a miraculous scientific insight. Previously, it was thought that the mountains were merely protrusions rising above the surface of the earth. However, modern earth sciences have proven that they have deep extensions known as “roots”. These roots can reach several times their elevations above the surface of the ground (meaning the deep roots extend deeper than the mountain’s physical height above). A peg, by design, is mostly embedded in the ground, with only a small portion visible above the surface. This mirrors what

modern geology has uncovered about mountains because their visible peaks are
just the tip, while the unseen depth of the mountain’s roots extend far beneath
the Earth’s crust. Notably, modern science only discovered that mountains
possess such deep roots in the late 19th century, long after the Quran’s
revelation.

Also, Allah not only describes mountains as
‘pegs’ because of their physicality but also because of their functionality. If
we look at the function of the peg, we find that they are used to secure the
tent to the ground and provide stability preventing it from being blown from
the wind. Likewise, mountains have deep roots beneath the surface that is
anchoring the Earth’s crust in place. This essentially reflects the modern
theory of plate tectonics which holds the view that mountains work as
stabilisers for the earth.

Geological research indicates that the
Earth’s lithosphere (the planet’s rigid outer shell) is divided into tectonic
plates that rest on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. Mountains, especially
those created by tectonic processes, are essential in maintaining the
equilibrium of these plates. Their deep foundations help offset crustal forces,
minimising excessive shifts and enhancing the Earth’s overall stability. This
knowledge about the role of mountains as stabilisers for the earth has just
begun to be understood in the framework of plate tectonics since the late 1960s
yet the Quran already described this centuries before science caught up.

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also
elaborated on this function of mountains as stabilizers for the Earth in a
hadith.

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

‘When Allah created the Earth, its surface started to move and
shake and then Allah stabilized it by mountains.”

Imam Ahmad, Musnad (3/124)

When you put this into perspective, how
could someone in the 7th-century have known such precise details about the
structure of mountains?

The Two Oceans that Never Meet

“And He is the One Who merges the two bodies of water: one fresh and palatable and the other salty and bitter, placing between them a barrier they cannot cross.” – Quran: Surah Al-Furqan 25:53

This verse refers to the two bodies of water, one salty the other sweet (fresh), which meet but do not mix together as there is a barrier between them. This barrier divides the two seas so that each sea has its own temperature, salinity, and density.

When the Quran speaks about the divider between fresh water and salt water, it mentions the existence of “a prohibiting partition” with the barrier.

Science shows that in estuaries (where rivers meet the ocean) freshwater and saltwater don’t immediately mix. Instead, they form a distinct barrier called a ‘pycnocline,’ a layered zone where water density changes sharply. This separates the two types of water, creating a middle layer with its own unique salinity.

To the human eye, the two seas appear as one homogeneous sea. The Quran’s precise depiction of the invisible barrier existed long before the modern oceanography findings which used advanced equipment to measure temperature, salinity, density, oxygen dissolubility, etc

. This demonstrates a profound scientific miracle, as no human in the 7th century could have observed or described this phenomenon without divine knowledge.

Ascending Pressure & Chest Constriction

“Whoever Allah wills to guide, He opens their heart to Islam. But whoever He wills to leave astray, He makes their chest tight and constricted as if they were climbing up into the sky. This is how Allah dooms those who disbelieve.”- Quran: Surah Al-An’am 6:125

The Quran, in Surah Al-An’am (6:125), draws a compelling analogy between spiritual misguidance and the physiological challenges experienced when ascending to higher altitudes

“And whomever He wills to send astray, He makes his bosom narrow and strained as if he was ascending into the sky.”

This verse metaphorically compares the constriction felt by those led astray to the physical sensation of chest tightness encountered during ascent into the sky. Modern science provides insight into this comparison. As one ascends, atmospheric pressure decreases and oxygen levels diminish, leading to hypoxia which is a condition where body tissues receive inadequate oxygen. This results in symptoms such as shortness of breath, dizziness, and a feeling of chest constriction.

The Quran’s reference to ascending into the sky and its association with chest constriction is outstanding, especially considering the verse was revealed long before the advent of modern aviation or the scientific understanding of high-altitude physiology

The Doors in the Sky

“The sky will be ˹split˺ open, becoming ˹many˺ gates,..’ – Quran: Surah Al-Naba (78:19)

‘And even if We opened for them a gate to heaven, through which they continued to ascend….” – Quran: Surah Al-Hijir (15:15)

These verses refer to the celestial “doors” or gateways that provide passage into the heavens, accessible only through specific pathways. This concept finds a striking parallel in modern spaceflight, where spacecraft cannot simply launch into orbit from any arbitrary point on Earth. Instead, they must pass through carefully calculated launch windows. The selection of launch sites depends on critical factors such as proximity to the equator (where Earth’s rotational velocity provides an essential speed boost) as well as atmospheric conditions, gravitational forces, and thermal effects caused by atmospheric friction. Stable weather is also crucial for a successful ascent. Deviating from the correct trajectory or speed can cause a spacecraft to either burn up or be deflected by the atmosphere, much like how one must approach the heavenly “gates” properly to gain entry.

The International Commission for Scientific Miracles in the Quran and Sunnah explored this connection in an article titled “Miraculous Glimpses of the Gates of Heaven and the Darkness of Space,” presenting scientific evidence that aligns with the idea of designated “gates” for cosmic ascension. It explains that what appears to be empty space is in fact a dynamic expanse filled with gases, particles, and radiation conditions that demand strict pathways of passage, and so the Qur’an’s depiction of celestial gates in this surah, highlights a profound link between divine revelation and the mechanics of cosmic ascent.

Zamzam Water

“Our Lord! I have settled some of my offspring in a barren
valley, near Your Sacred House, our Lord, so that they may establish prayer. So
make the hearts of ˹believing˺ people incline towards them and provide them with fruits, so
perhaps they will be thankful. – Quran: Surah Ibrahim 14:37

“Indeed, ˹the hills of˺ Ṣafa and Marwah are
among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes the major or minor pilgrimage to
the ˹Sacred˺ House, let them walk between ˹the two hills˺. And whoever does good
willingly, Allah is truly Appreciative, All-Knowing” – Quran:
Surah Al-Baqarah 2:158

Zamzam water is an extraordinary
testament to the scientific marvels highlighted in the Quran. Originating from
a well in Mecca, this water has been flowing uninterruptedly for over 4,000
years, surpassing natural expectations. Even though it sustains millions of
people each year, the well has never dried up, presenting an extraordinary
challenge to conventional hydrogeological understanding.

According to Islamic tradition, Zamzam’s
origin traces back to Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham, peace be upon him), who,
following Allah’s command, left his wife Hajar and infant son Isma’il in the
desolate valley of Mecca. As their water supply depleted, Hajar frantically ran
between the hills of Safa and Marwah in search of water. Her prayers were
answered when a miraculous spring emerged where Isma’il’s feet had rubbed the
ground. Hajar contained the flow by calling out “Zomé Zomé,” meaning “contain
yourself” in Arabic, and this spring became the Zamzam well, serving as a
crucial source of sustenance ever since.

Renowned for both its spiritual
significance and unique scientific properties, Zamzam water has intrigued
researchers for centuries. Despite providing water to countless pilgrims
annually, the well’s continuous flow for over four millennia captivates hydrogeologists
worldwide.

Many prominent scientists, including Dr.
Masaru Emoto, Dr. Yayha Koshak, and Dr. Knut Pfeiffer, have praised Zamzam
water for its unparalleled purity. Its bicarbonate level of 366 mg/L surpasses
even the pristine water from the French Alps, making it a subject of scientific
admiration.

Beyond its purity, Zamzam water offers
numerous health benefits. Its antibacterial and antifungal properties bolster
immunity and protect against infections, while its mineral-rich composition
supports reproductive health, digestion, and energy levels. Additionally, its
antioxidants help combat free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of
chronic illnesses, including cancer. The presence of fluoride promotes dental
health, and its alkaline nature aids in balancing the body’s acidity,
contributing to overall wellness.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
also recognized and affirmed its remarkable healing properties.

It was narrated that Jabir bin ‘Abdullah said:

“I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘The water of Zamzam is for whatever it is drunk for”

Imam Ahmad, Musnad (3/124)

The well of Zamzam stands as a powerful
testament to both faith and science, illustrating divine sustenance and the
extraordinary nature of this blessed water.It was narrated that Jabir bin ‘Abdullah said:

The Returning Sky

“By the sky with its recurring cycles..” – Quran: Surah At-Tariq 88:11

The Arabic word “Raj'” in this verse translates to “return,” “repetition,” or “cyclical movement.” This noble verse emphasises that the sky functions as a system of returning processes. Initially, interpretations focused on the water cycle, where water evaporates, forms clouds, and returns as rain, sustaining ecosystems and agriculture. However, modern science has revealed additional dimensions of “returning” cycles that were previously unknown.

The Earth’s atmosphere, composed of multiple layers, plays crucial roles in protecting and supporting life. For example, the atmosphere burns incoming meteors, shielding the surface from harm, while the ozone layer absorbs and reflects harmful ultraviolet rays, preserving a balance essential for living organisms. These functions exemplify the protective and cyclical nature of the sky.

Further scientific insights highlight the ionosphere’s role in reflecting radio waves, enabling long-distance radio and television communication, as well as the atmosphere’s capacity to regulate Earth’s temperature by moderating heat during the day and night. These interconnected processes spanning water recycling, cosmic shielding, energy reflection, and communication demonstrate a harmonious system, aligning with the Quranic depiction of the sky as a miraculous returning entity.

This verse, which was once seen in a limited way, now reveals a deeper meaning describing the sky’s many protective and repeating functions that have been discovered long after by scientists over time.

Plants in the Quran

The Quran frequently mentions plants with amazing health and nutritional benefits, particularly dates, figs and olives. These fruits are not only significant in historical and religious contexts but also recognized for their profound health benefits by modern science.

The Date ‘palm’ Tree

“And shake the trunk of this palm tree towards you, it will drop fresh, ripe dates upon you.” – Quran: Surah Al-Maryam 19:24

In the Quran, Surah Maryam (19:23-26) recounts how Maryam (Mary, peace be upon her) experienced the pains of childbirth and was directed to a date palm tree, where she was advised to eat fresh dates and drink water.

This guidance carries deep wisdom, as modern research reveals numerous benefits of dates during labour and delivery. Dates contain natural compounds that stimulate uterine contractions, aiding in the birthing process and reducing postpartum bleeding. Their high sugar content offers a quick and easily digestible energy-boost, which is crucial for the intense physical demands of childbirth.

Additionally, dates are rich in essential nutrients like potassium, magnesium, and iron, which support overall health and recovery during and after delivery. They also possess natural laxative properties, helping to regulate bowel movements and prevent constipation, further easing the labour process.

Contemporary studies have also highlighted the benefits of early glucose intake for premature and newborn babies, which dates naturally offer. This helps stabilise their blood sugar levels, particularly in those prone to neonatal hypoglycaemia. This was performed by Prophet Muhammed (ﷺ) where in a hadith he stated:

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

‘A son was born to me and I took him to the Prophet (ﷺ) who named him Ibrahim, did Tahnik for him with a date, invoked Allah to bless him and returned him to me. (The narrator added: That was Abu Musa’s eldest son.)’

Imam Ahmad, Musnad (3/124)

These findings highlight the importance of dates in aiding childbirth, bridging the wisdom of Islamic tradition with contemporary scientific understanding.

Dates are also an excellent source of iron, essential for producing hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen in red blood cells. Their consumption helps increase iron levels, making them especially valuable for those with anemia or low iron levels. The combination of high iron and vitamin C content in dates enhances iron absorption, promoting healthier blood. Regularly eating dates can boost energy and prevent symptoms of iron deficiency, such as fatigue and weakness.

The Quran’s advice on dates is not just historical or cultural; it is a scientifically validated miracle, demonstrating that its guidance transcends human knowledge.

Plants in the Quran

The Date ‘palm’ Tree

“And shake the trunk of this palm tree towards you, it will drop fresh, ripe dates upon you.” – Quran: Surah Al-Maryam 19:24

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

Imam Ahmad, Musnad (3/124)

These findings highlight the importance of dates in aiding childbirth, bridging the wisdom of Islamic tradition with contemporary scientific understanding.

The Quran’s advice on dates is not just historical or cultural; it is a scientifically validated miracle, demonstrating that its guidance transcends human knowledge.

The Fig and Olive Tree

“By the fig and the olive; By Mount Sinai; By this City of Security (Makkah)” – Quran: Surah At-Tin (94:1-3)

In this verse Allah places an oath on four things: the fig, olive, mount Sinai and the city of security (Makkah). Allah will not put an oath on something unless it is something of importance and greatness. So he swears by the fig and the olive, drawing attention to the blessings and value of these fruits, and urging believers to reflect on the wisdom in Allah’s creation.

The olive and its tree hold a special place in Islam, being mentioned frequently in the Quran and hadith. It is considered a “blessed” fruit and is a valuable source of nutrition that has been highly regarded by food specialists and scientists. They emphasise the olive and its oil as extraordinary due to their numerous health benefits. Olive oil, known as a “life’s elixir,” is recognised as one of the healthiest oils, containing minimal fatty acids and avoiding an increase in harmful blood fats, unlike other oils. It is a vital companion to the liver and effective in addressing various health issues such as kidney troubles, biliary calculus, renal and hepatic colic, and constipation.

In addition, olive oil is rich in vitamins and contains minerals like phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, iron, potassium, and manganese, making it highly valued for its significant health benefits.

The importance of consumption and usage of olive oil was reinforced by prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

“Season (your food) with olive oil and anoint yourselves with it, for it comes from a blessed tree..”

Sunan Ibn Majah 3319

In addition to olives, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) also favoured figs in his diet. Figs are highly nutritious and suitable for individuals of all ages. They are free from skin, stones, and commercial additives, making them a convenient and wholesome food.

Nutrition experts highlight the fig’s role as a natural sugar substitute for babies. It is also beneficial for athletes, the elderly, and those with weakened health due to its restorative properties. Figs were admired by philosophers like Plato, who had a fondness for them, earning their nickname as “the friend of philosophers.” Socrates considered figs essential for absorbing beneficial substances and expelling harmful ones from the body.

Figs are rich in carbohydrates (53%), protein (3.6%), key minerals, vitamins, enzymes, fiber (18.5%), and water. The enzyme ficin aids digestion. They also offer health benefits, including digestion support, protection against carcinogens, and treatment for conditions like hemorrhoids, constipation, gout, and ulcers.

However, the secret here actually lies in the combination of both. This is illustrated in the verse when Allah says ‘wa tiin wa zatyoon’ mentioning figs and olives together and not in two separate verses. The combination of olives and figs provides numerous health benefits due to their rich antioxidant content, high fibre, and essential nutrients. Together, they can help balance blood acidity, improve immune function, support heart health, regulate blood pressure, and fight anemia. This blend is also excellent for skin care, offering hydration, protection from environmental hazards, and anti-aging effects. The antioxidants in olives and figs help reduce oxidative stress and promote wound healing.

Together, the fig and olive beautifully reflect the Qur’an’s timeless harmony between spiritual depth and physical health

The Animal KINGDOM

This section delves into the mind-blowing scientific insights of animals found in the Qur’an, as exemplified by its references to specific creatures, camels, bees, ants, spiders, and mosquitoes. Each description contains intricate details that resonate with modern scientific discoveries, showcasing a profound understanding of nature that continues to captivate scholars and researchers alike.

The Camel

“Do they not look at the camels—how they are created? – Quran: Surah Al-Ghashiyah (88:17)

The Quran highlights the camel as a miraculous creation, meticulously designed to thrive in harsh desert environments. This verse encourages contemplation of the camel’s extraordinary physical and biological traits, which exemplify divine wisdom.

Among the camels most astonishing adaptations, is its ability to endure extreme conditions. A camel can survive for weeks without water, yet when it drinks, it can consume up to 40 gallons in minutes. Unlike most animals, it efficiently regulates body temperature, tolerating fluctuations between 34°C (93°F) and 41°C (106°F) before perspiring, conserving precious water in the process.

Beyond mere survival, camels are renowned for their strength and endurance. Capable of carrying up to 600 kg (1,300 lbs) and traveling 50 km (30 miles) per day without tiring, they have been indispensable for trade and transport in arid regions. Additionally, their provision of milk, meat, and wool has cemented their role in sustaining human civilisation.

The Quran recognises their economic and practical importance. In Surah Yusuf (12:72), the term “camel-load” is used as a measure of wealth, underscoring their vital role in commerce and survival.

By drawing attention to the camel, the Quran invites believers to reflect on Allah’s flawless design. Its unparalleled adaptations serve as a testament to divine wisdom, urging humanity to recognise the signs of purposeful creation in the natural world.

Insects

The Ant

“Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, ‘O ants, enter your homes so that you do not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they do not feel it” – Quran: Surah An-Naml (27:17-18)

The Quran, in Surah An-Naml (27:18), recounts an ant warning its colony about the approach of Prophet Solomon’s army (peace be upon him). This reference underscores the advanced communication, social organisation, and engineering abilities of ants.

Ants utilise pheromones, touch, and sound to communicate. Research demonstrates their ability to issue warnings and synchronise activities, reflecting the Quranic depiction of the ant’s heightened awareness and responsiveness when the ant said, ‘O ants, enter your homes so that you do not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers..’. These characteristics, supported by modern scientific findings, deepen our appreciation for the natural world and its harmony with Quranic insights.

Their colonies feature complex underground structures designed for optimal ventilation, protection, and efficiency. Scientific studies, including cast examinations of nests, showcase their sophisticated construction and collective intelligence aligning with the Quran’s portrayal of ants as perceptive and orderly inspiring reflection on the marvels of nature.

The Mosquito

“Indeed, Allah is not ashamed to set forth a parable of a mosquito or what is below it. As for those who believe, they know that it is the truth from their Lord, but as for those who disbelieve, they say, ‘What did Allah intend by this parable?’ He leaves many to stray, and guides many. And He leaves none to stray except the rebellious” – Quran: Surah Al-Baqarah (2:26)

This verse highlights that even the tiniest creatures reflect Allah’s power and wisdom. The mosquito, though often overlooked, has an incredibly intricate design, revealing the marvels of creation.

A mosquito’s anatomy is far more complex than it appears. Its compound eyes contain thousands of lenses, allowing it to detect movement with precision. Its antennae sense carbon dioxide and body heat, guiding it to its host. Most astonishing is its proboscis, a microscopic tool with six needle-like structures that painlessly pierce the skin, locate blood vessels, and draw blood, an advanced mechanism beyond human engineering.

The Quran’s phrase in this verse “or what is below it” is especially remarkable. In the 7th century, the microscopic world was unknown yet today we find that mosquitoes host parasites such as Plasmodium, shaping human history through diseases such as malaria.

Far from being insignificant, the mosquito embodies divine design on both visible and invisible levels. Its complexity, impact on humanity, and even its role in hosting life smaller than itself stand as an enduring sign of Allah’s wisdom and the Qur’an’s miraculous foresight.

The Honeybee

“And your Lord inspired the bees: “Make ˹your˺ homes in the mountains, the trees, and in what people construct, and feed from ˹the flower of˺ any fruit ˹you please˺ and follow the ways your Lord has made easy for you.” From their bellies comes forth liquid of varying colours, in which there is healing for people. Surely in this is a sign for those who reflect.” – Quran: Surah Al-Nahl 16:68-69

The Quran’s verses about bees contain a striking detail: the use of feminine verbs to describe their actions. In Arabic, verbs have gender, and those associated with building hives, gathering nectar, and producing honey are in the feminine form. Allah uses the feminine term for the words ‘Kuli’ which is to eat or feed, ‘Usliki’ which means ‘follow the ways’ and ‘Butniha’ which refers to the bee’s bellies. Modern entomology confirms this accuracy, as worker bees responsible for these tasks are exclusively female, while male drones exist solely for reproduction. This linguistic precision is astonishing, given that such knowledge became known to science only centuries later.

The Quran also highlights honey’s healing properties when it says From their bellies comes forth liquid of varying colours, in which there is healing for people, this is now widely supported by modern medicine. Honey is known for its antimicrobial effects, ability to promote wound healing, and efficacy in soothing ailments like sore throats and digestive issues. The phrase “liquid of varying colours” reflects the diversity in honey types, shaped by the nectar sources, an observation that aligns with scientific findings.

Additionally, the command for bees to “follow the ways your Lord has made easy for you.” alludes to their excellent navigation abilities. Bees use the sun as a compass and perform complex “waggle dances” to guide others to food sources. Their adaptability to diverse environments and vital role in pollination demonstrate a profound ecological balance, inviting humans to reflect on this meticulous design.

In these verses, the Quran interweaves spiritual insight with scientific knowledge, illustrating the complex society of bees, the medicinal value of honey, and the advanced navigation systems of these creatures. These details serve as powerful reminders of nature’s signs for those who seek to ponder.

The Spider

“The parable of those who take protectors other than Allah is that of a spider spinning a shelter. And the flimsiest of all shelters is certainly that of a spider, if only they knew.” – Quran: Surah Al-Ankabut 29:41

In Surah Al-‘Ankabut (29:41), the Quran uses the spider’s web as a metaphor for the fragility of reliance on entities other than Allah.

This verse offers both spiritual wisdom and scientific insight. Similarly to the description of the honey bee in surah Al-Nahl, the verse also employs gender-specific verbs and pronouns. The feminine verb “ittakhathat” (اتَّخَذَتْ) used in the verse highlights the precision of using this linguistic choice in the Quran noting that web-building is predominantly the domain of female spiders. Modern arachnology confirms that female spiders, equipped with specialised silk-producing glands, are responsible for constructing webs for trapping prey, shelter, and reproduction. Male spiders rarely build webs, focusing primarily on seeking mates, a fact known only recently but aligning seamlessly with the Quranic depiction.

Additionally, when Allah says “the flimsiest of all shelters is certainly that of a spider.” It emphasises the fragility of the spider’s web despite its brilliant design. A spider’s web is structurally weak and offers minimal protection against environmental factors and predators which reflect knowledge that was beyond human comprehension at the time of its revelation.

Spiritually you could also say that the verse uses the spider’s home as a metaphor for those who rely on false gods or worldly attachments instead of Allah. This is because, just as the spider’s web cannot protect, neither can anything that people place above their Creator.

Interestingly, we can also look at this verse through the lens of social structure. When the female spider is done mating the male spider, the female often kills and consumes the male. So, technically the “house” of the spider is not just physically weak , but it is also socially unstable, even dangerous. There’s no nurturing family unit; instead, it’s a place of predation and destruction.

The Quran’s references to the web’s fragility and the female spider’s role in its construction reveal knowledge that aligns with modern scientific discoveries.

numerology

Among the countless wonders of the Qur’an, its numerical precision stands out as a profound testament to its divine origin. These patterns not only demonstrate an extraordinary internal harmony but also align with modern scientific discoveries, reinforcing the belief that the Qur’an’s composition transcends human capability.

As the renowned scholar Ahmed Deedat emphasised in “Al-Qur’an: The Ultimate Miracle” he stated:

‘Using the ultimate in scientific proof namely mathematics, the physical examinable evidence is provided that the Quran is the infallible word of God.”

The Qur’an exhibits numerical symmetries that align with astronomy, geology, and other sciences. For instance:

– The word “yawm” (day) appears 365 times, matching the number of days in a solar year.

– The term “shahr” (month) is mentioned 12 times, corresponding to the months of the year.

Another astonishing balance is found in the Qur’an’s references to natural elements:

– The word “bahr” (sea) appears 32 times, while “barr” (land) is mentioned 13 times.

When combined (32 + 13 = 45), these figures reveal that 71% of the references relate to the sea and 29% to land, which is a perfect reflection of Earth’s actual surface composition, which is 71% water and 29% land.

These instances merely scratch the surface of the Qur’an’s profound numerical precision, a symmetry so flawless that it cannot be accidental.

In conclusion, the Qur’an has consistently shown that it is far more than just a preserved book. It is unmatched in language and affirmed by science through its countless miracles — from the mechanics of the universe and the vast stars to the tiniest mosquito. It contains the most meticulous yet miraculous details, far beyond human reach.

As mentioned in the verse from Surah Al-Baqarah with which we opened this article:

“This is a blessed Book which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], that they might reflect upon its verses and that those of understanding would be reminded”

More than proving scientific facts, these verses call humanity to reflect: if the world around us is filled with such precision and wonder, then how much greater is the One who fashioned it all? Truly, the Qur’an is not just a miracle, it is the Miracle – a living and eternal sign for all humankind.